🧠Factors Affecting Image Contrast in CT 🔹 1. Tissue Attenuation Differences (Hounsfield Units – HU) 🔹 2. X-ray Beam Energy (kVp) 🔹 3. Use of Intravenous or Oral Contrast Agents 🔹 4. Window Width (WW) and Window Level (WL)…
Factors Affecting Image Contrast in X-ray Imaging Image contrast refers to the difference in optical density (blackness) between adjacent regions on the radiograph. It determines how easily different structures can be distinguished. 🔹 1. Subject Contrast (Patient-Related Factors) a. Tissue…
Factors Affecting Image Contrast in MRI 🔷 1. Intrinsic Tissue Properties These are physical properties of the tissues that determine how they respond to the MRI pulse sequences. a. T1 Relaxation Time (Spin-Lattice Relaxation) b. T2 Relaxation Time (Spin-Spin Relaxation)…
1. Acoustic Impedance Differences 🔷 2. Ultrasound Frequency 🔷 3. Gain Settings 🔷 4. Dynamic Range (Compression) 🔷 5. Post-processing and Gray-scale Mapping 🔷 6. Beam Focusing and Width 🔷 7. Ultrasound Artifacts (Both Helpful and Harmful) 🔷 8. Use…
This document provides a detailed comparison between Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) and 3D Conformal Radiotherapy (3D CRT), focusing on their physical principles, treatment planning, and clinical applications. The aim is to highlight the advantages and limitations of each technique, supported…
This document explores the various modes of decay exhibited by isotopes, which are variants of chemical elements that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. Understanding these decay modes is crucial in fields such as nuclear…
Alpha decay is a type of radioactive decay in which an unstable atomic nucleus emits an alpha particle, consisting of two protons and two neutrons. This process results in the transformation of the original nucleus into a new element with…
This document provides an overview of Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT), a sophisticated radiotherapy technique that enhances the precision and effectiveness of cancer treatment. VMAT allows for the delivery of radiation in a highly conformal manner, targeting tumors while minimizing…
Abstract: The Standardized Uptake Value (SUV) is a crucial metric in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging, commonly used to assess metabolic activity in tissues. This document explores the various factors that can influence SUV values in PET CT scans, including…
Photon Coincidence Mechanism in PET CT This document explores the photon coincidence mechanism utilized in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) combined with Computed Tomography (CT). The integration of these imaging modalities has revolutionized diagnostic imaging by providing both functional and anatomical…