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MRI Image Contrast: Overview MRI contrast refers to the variation in signal intensity (brightness) between different tissues in an image. This difference is what allows us to distinguish anatomical structures or detect pathology. 🔷 How MRI Contrast Is Created MRI…

🧠 Factors Affecting Image Contrast in CT 🔹 1. Tissue Attenuation Differences (Hounsfield Units – HU) 🔹 2. X-ray Beam Energy (kVp) 🔹 3. Use of Intravenous or Oral Contrast Agents 🔹 4. Window Width (WW) and Window Level (WL)…

Factors Affecting Image Contrast in X-ray Imaging Image contrast refers to the difference in optical density (blackness) between adjacent regions on the radiograph. It determines how easily different structures can be distinguished. 🔹 1. Subject Contrast (Patient-Related Factors) a. Tissue…

Factors Affecting Image Contrast in MRI 🔷 1. Intrinsic Tissue Properties These are physical properties of the tissues that determine how they respond to the MRI pulse sequences. a. T1 Relaxation Time (Spin-Lattice Relaxation) b. T2 Relaxation Time (Spin-Spin Relaxation)…

1. Acoustic Impedance Differences 🔷 2. Ultrasound Frequency 🔷 3. Gain Settings 🔷 4. Dynamic Range (Compression) 🔷 5. Post-processing and Gray-scale Mapping 🔷 6. Beam Focusing and Width 🔷 7. Ultrasound Artifacts (Both Helpful and Harmful) 🔷 8. Use…

This document provides a detailed comparison between Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) and 3D Conformal Radiotherapy (3D CRT), focusing on their physical principles, treatment planning, and clinical applications. The aim is to highlight the advantages and limitations of each technique, supported…

This document explores the various modes of decay exhibited by isotopes, which are variants of chemical elements that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. Understanding these decay modes is crucial in fields such as nuclear…

Alpha decay is a type of radioactive decay in which an unstable atomic nucleus emits an alpha particle, consisting of two protons and two neutrons. This process results in the transformation of the original nucleus into a new element with…